SongYanchaoWuYunyunSunQuanfuHouChangsongShangBingCuiHongxingChina CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency/National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
氡通常指222Rn,半衰期为3.824 d,是一种无色无味的放射性气体,广泛存在于人类生活环境中。氡是人类受天然辐射照射的主要来源,约占天然辐射剂量的48%。1988年,国际癌症组织(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)将氡列为“人类确认致癌物(1类)”。欧洲、北美和亚洲的室内氡与肺癌流行病学分析表明,室内氡暴露是继吸烟后导致公众肺癌的第二大危险因素,据估计约有3%~14%的肺癌由室内氡引起[1]。通过参考国际放射防护委员会(International Commission on Radiological Protection,ICRP)、WHO及国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA)的室内氡标准指导值,结合我国室内氡污染水平及变化趋势,《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T 18883-2022)(简称“新版标准”)对氡的标准限值进行了修订。本研究主要围绕室内氡的来源、暴露状况、健康影响、氡标准限值制修订相关技术依据进行梳理和讨论。
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